Magíster en Epidemiología

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Browsing Magíster en Epidemiología by Subject "Adolescentes"

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    Abordaje de la educación sexual en instituciones educativas y de salud en adolescentes en la Provincia de Concepción
    (XIX Concurso Nacional De Proyectos e Investigación y Desarrollo En Salud FONIS 2022, 2023) Castiglione Villaseñor, Maria Macarena
    En este contexto, el presente proyecto busca contribuir al mejoramiento de las líneas de acción de APS y el sistema educacional, con el fin de ofrecer una educación sexual integral provista por la participación colaborativa y coordinada de los diferentes agentes socioeducativos. El valor agregado que aportará este producto de innovación social será el proporcionar herramientas actualizadas, orientadas principalmente a los educadores y personal de salud que trabaja con adolescentes. En concordancia, este proyecto desarrollará un estudio de diseño cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico, con el fin de explorar las percepciones que tienen los adolescentes sobre la educación sexual recibida en Instituciones Educativas y de Salud en la Provincia de Concepción. Específicamente describir las percepciones que tienen los adolescentes sobre aspectos socioculturales que influyen en el acceso a educación sexual, a aspectos educacionales involucrados en la educación sexual recibida, respecto a los contenidos y sus necesidades en temáticas de educación sexual y reproductiva. Esta información será utilizada para la elaboración de un manual para mejorar las estrategias existentes y potenciar la integralidad en educación sexual y la interrelación de recursos disponibles en los establecimientos educacionales y los Servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud.
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    Acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the culturally adapted version of Unplugged (“Yo Se Lo Que Quiero”), a substance use preventive program among adolescents in Chile: a pilot randomized controlled study
    (BMC Public Health, 2024) Salgado, Gabriel
    Introduction The consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis is a public health problem that impacts the cognitive, social, and emotional development of adolescents. Prevention strategies such as the “Unplugged” program are effective in delaying the progression of daily smoking and episodes of drunkenness among adolescents. “Yo Se Lo Que Quiero” (YSLQQ) corresponds to the adaptation of this program to the Chilean context. This study assesses the acceptability and feasibility of implementing this program to the local reality. Material and methods This was a cluster-randomized controlled pilot study conducted on six public schools. All consented students attending 6th, 7th, and 8th grades (n=1,180) participated in the study. The schools were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in a 1:1 ratio: (1) the “YSLQQ” intervention group (n=526), and (2) the Control group (n=654). The program consisted of a 12-hour class-based curriculum based on a comprehensive social-influence approach delivered by a trained facilitator. The acceptability and feasibility were assessed in the intervention group at the end of the intervention using questionnaires answered by students and facilitators. The quality and fidelity of the program were evaluated during the implementation using self-ported surveys answered by the facilitators and the assessment of video-recorded sessions rated by external observers. Finally, a pre-test and a post-test survey assessing past and current substance use and risk and protective factors were conducted before and immediately after the program’s implementation. Results A high proportion of students (49.6%) liked the sessions. 79.2% reported that the YSLQQ helped them learn about the dangers of substances, while 65.8% reported having more skills to avoid substance use in the future. Regarding students’ satisfaction with YSLQQ, 62.9% reported being happy or very happy with the program. Facilitators reported implementing the intervention according to the manual in 73.9% of sessions. Regarding substance use, students who participated in the intervention groups reported a significant reduction in drunkenness in the last year and last 30-day prevalence and also a significant reduction in a lifetime and 30-day prevalence of cannabis use when compared with those students in the control group
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    Acceptability, feasibility, fidelity and quality implementation of the culturally adapted version of the Social Competence Promotion Program among Young Adolescents (“Mi Mejor Plan”) to prevent substance use among adolescents in Chile: a pilot randomized control study
    (BMC Public Health, 2025) Ramirez Onetto, Saray
    Introduction Substance use among adolescents is a public health problem. We culturally adapted The Social Competence Promotion Program for Young Adolescents (SCPP-YA) program to the school context in Chile (henceforth “Mi Mejor Plan or MMP”) and assessed the acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and quality of the implementation among 6th graders. We also explored the efficacy of the program in improving individual protective factors and reducing risk factors and substance use. Methods Cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in Chile. The schools were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in a 1:1 ratio: 1) the "MMP" intervention group, and 2) the Control group. The program consisted of a 16-h class-based curriculum promoting social problem-solving skills delivered by a trained facilitator. Primary outcomes were acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and quality of the implementation using detailed reports of facilitators and from observers of the performance of the facilitators in vivo. Additionally, we explored the efficacy of the intervention on secondary outcomes: 30-day prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use and individual risk and protective factors promoted by MMP. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis using mixed models, taking into account the hierarchical nature of the data. Results Seven hundred sixty-five 6th graders from 11 schools were enrolled (one school dropped out after the randomization); 608 were analyzed at baseline, and 538 were analyzed post-intervention. 52.5% were male, and the average age was 11.3 in both groups. All 16 sessions were implemented, and students’ attendance at each session ranged from 83.8% to 92.4%. The program was generally well-received, with up to 91.3% of students rating acceptability positively. Facilitators and observers reported high adherence to the contents of the program in most sessions. Protective factors, such as negative beliefs about tobacco and alcohol, increased significantly in the IG. Still, there were no significant changes in substance use, risk factors, emotion regulation, or school membership. Conclusions The MMP program was well accepted, and we achieved high levels of implementation and fidelity. The program improved some individual protective factors, such as negative beliefs about tobacco and alcohol, with no changes in substance use among adolescents. Keywords Delays, DTaP, Vaccination, Hesitancy, Questionnaire, Trust and positive attitudes.
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    Efecto del uso de probióticos orales asociado a adapaleno 0,3% en el tratamiento del acné vulgaris inflamatorio leve-moderado facial: estudio exploratorio experimental en adolescentes 12-24 años
    (Universidad de los Andes, 2022) Perez Riveros, Daniela
    Antecedentes: El acné vulgaris es una afección crónica de la piel prevalente en adolescentes y que puede asociarse a complicaciones en la esfera psicosocial y mental. En el sistema público en Chile, el acné v. leve- moderado se diagnostica y se resuelve en la atención primaria de salud (APS), donde solo se cuenta con un solo esquema de tratamiento en base a retinoides, que en ocasiones suele ser escaso en cuanto a su disponibilidad; ambas situaciones podrían repercutir en la resolución o progresión de la afección en adolescentes. Evidencia reciente ha señalado que los probióticos podrían ser una alternativa complementaria para el manejo de algunas afecciones de la piel incluido el acné vulgaris, sin embargo, faltan estudios clínicos en adolescentes y que busquen el efecto conjunto de retinoide tópico y probiótico oral. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del uso de probióticos orales asociado a adapaleno 0,3% sobre la mejoría clínica del acné vulgaris inflamatorio leve- moderado en adolescentes. Método: Se realizará un estudio exploratorio experimental aleatorizado abierto en adolescentes de 12-24 años con acné vulgaris inflamatorio leve- moderado facial, diagnosticado en un centro APS de la comuna de Puente Alto. Los pacientes seleccionados serán aleatorizados en dos grupos: uno recibirá probióticos orales además del tratamiento habitual (adapaleno 0,3% + autocuidado facial) y el otro sólo tratamiento habitual. Se medirá la mejoría clínica a través de la cantidad de lesiones inflamatorias o progresión de la afección; autopercepción y calidad de vida de los participantes, como así también la ocurrencia de efectos secundarios en ambos grupos. Estas mediciones serán hechas de manera basal y luego a los 3 y 6 meses de seguimiento. Implicancias de los resultados: Este proyecto busca levantar evidencia inicial sobre el efecto de un tratamiento complementario inocuo y de fácil acceso para una afección prevalente (acné vulgaris facial) que afecta a una población especialmente vulnerable como son adolescentes de recursos limitados. El lograr complementar el tratamiento existente para estos usuarios, podría determinar ampliar las alternativas en APS y lograr una mejoría clínica satisfactoria en menor tiempo, previniendo importantes comorbilidades.