Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas

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Browsing Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas by Author "Aldea, Sofía"

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    (33, 33) Aldea, Sofía; Bazáez, Ramiro; Heresi, Pablo; Astroza, Rodrigo; 33
    Bridges are one of the most critical and costly structures on road networks. Thus, their integrity and operation must be preserved to prevent safety concerns and connectivity losses after seismic events. Recent large-magnitude earthquakes have revealed a series of vulnerabilities in multi-span highway bridges. In particular, skewed bridges have been severely damaged due to their susceptibility to developing excessive in-plane deck rotations and span unseating. Although seismic design codes have been updated to prescribe larger seating lengths and have incorporated unseating prevention devices, such as shear keys and cable restrainers, research on the seismic performance of skewed bridges with passive energy-dissipation devices is still limited. Therefore, this study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of implementing hysteretic dampers on skewed bridges. With that aim, dampers with and without recentering capabilities are designed and incorporated in representative Chilean skewed bridges to assess their contribution to seismic performance. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models, multiple-stripe analysis, and fragility curves are utilized to achieve this objective. The results show that incorporating bidirectional dampers can effectively improve the seismic performance of skewed bridges at different hazard levels by limiting in-plane deck rotations independently of their skew angle. Additionally, the influence of external shear keys and damper hysteretic behavior is analyzed, showing that these parameters have a low influence on bridge performance when bidirectional dampers are incorporated.
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    33
    (33, 33) Aldea, Sofía; Bazaez, Ramiro; Astroza, Rodrigo; Hernandez, Francisco; 33
    The 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake demonstrated that many bridges were highly vulnerable to seismic demands. Among these bridges, skewed multi-span prestressed concrete girder bridges supported on non-anchored elastomeric bearings were the most vulnerable ones. After the 2010 Maule earthquake, several damaged skewed bridges were repaired and retrofitted using an updated seismic design criterion. Therefore, this study aims to compare the seismic performance of typical Chilean skewed highway bridges in their original design (prior to 2010) and in their repaired condition (post 2010). With this aim, three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element models of four skewed bridges, which were damaged during the 2010 Maule earthquake, are developed and analyzed. Nonlinear static and incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are conducted, and fragility curves are obtained to evaluate the short-term evolution of the Chilean design practices. Additionally, the influence of the skew angle, vertical seismic bars, modelling assumptions and anchorage of elastomeric bearings, on the seismic performance of Chilean skewed highway bridges is analyzed through IDAs and fragility curves. The results of this study show that repair measures considered after the 2010 Maule earthquake improve the seismic performance of skewed bridges and effectively prevent span unseating. However, the adopted measures do not significantly improve the performance at slight to moderate damage states. It is also demonstrated that the skew angle and deck-abutment pounding have significant influence on the seismic performance. Finally, the results show that an adequate modelling of vertical elements, such as elastomeric bearings, must be considered to avoid underestimating displacement demands.