05-01-202605-01-2026<p>The article analyzes the concept of predictive belief in criminal doctrine. It then focuses on the practical consequences of its use in the attribution of criminal liability, presenting a proposal for a phenomenological-analytical interpretation that questions some of the assumptions of predictive belief. Indeed, there are arguments to defend a dualistic understanding of malice that considers willfulness and its content according to the risk indicators of a case.</p>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessknowledgepredictive beliefrisk indicatorsSDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong InstitutionsArticle