Anatomy of the Flexor Hallucis Longus and Its Relationship With Hallux Valgus: A Cadaveric Study

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dc.coverageDOI: 10.1177/10711007241241261
dc.creatorAhumada, Ximena
dc.creatorOrtiz, Cristián
dc.creatorCarcuro, Giovanni
dc.creatorPellegrini, Manuel
dc.creatorButteri, Ana
dc.creatorAlbarrán, Carlos
dc.creatorChaparro, Felipe
dc.date2024
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-18T19:49:57Z
dc.date.available2025-11-18T19:49:57Z
dc.description<p>Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex deformity, with many associated risk factors. The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon is a dynamic and potentially deforming force as it bowstrings laterally with HV. We hypothesized that FHL is more laterally inserted in the distal phalanx in cadavers with HV; therefore, it might be also a primary destabilizing force. We aim to compare the FHL distal insertion morphology and its relationship with osseous structures in cadavers with and without HV. Methods: Sixteen cadaver specimens, 8 with HV and 8 without (N-HV) were dissected. We evaluated FHL distal morphology in terms of its insertional footprint location and FHL long-axis position in relation to osseous anatomy. Results: Both the HV and N-HV groups displayed a laterally inserted footprint at the distal phalanx, with the HV group exhibiting median lateral translation of the footprint 6% greater than the N-HV group (P &lt;.01). Both groups also demonstrated a laterally displaced position for the FHL long axis. The median FHL long axis for HV vs N-HV specimens 1 cm proximal to the IP joint was 9% more laterally displaced from the midaxis (P &lt;.01), and at 1 cm proximal to the MTP joint was measured to be 15% more laterally displaced from the midaxis (P &lt;.01). Conclusion: FHL demonstrated an eccentric position in terms of insertion and trajectory in both the HV and N-HV groups, with greater lateralization in specimens exhibiting HV deformity. This eccentricity potentially creates a greater deforming force vector contributing to the development of HV. Clinical Relevance: The etiology and progression of HV deformity may include a lateralized insertion of the FHL tendon. Treatment implications remain unknown at this time.</p>eng
dc.identifierhttps://investigadores.uandes.cl/en/publications/3b18be54-6535-40fd-afb3-c31bd94502a5
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uandes.cl/handle/uandes/56357
dc.languageeng
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.sourcevol.45 (2024) nr.7 p.757-763
dc.subjectHallux
dc.subjectcadaveric
dc.subjectflexor
dc.subjecthallucis
dc.subjectlongus
dc.subjectvalgus
dc.titleAnatomy of the Flexor Hallucis Longus and Its Relationship With Hallux Valgus: A Cadaveric Studyeng
dc.typeArticleeng
dc.typeArtículospa
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