Optimizing phosphoric acid etching times across different formulations: Impact on dentin structure, roughness, and adhesive performance after 4 years

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dc.coverageDOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.05.004
dc.creatorde Souza, Julian
dc.creatorÑaupari-Villasante, Romina
dc.creatorHass, Viviane
dc.creatorArana-Gordillo, Luis Alfonso
dc.creatorGutiérrez, Mario Felipe
dc.creatorGomes, Giovana Mongruel
dc.creatorLoguercio, Alessandro D.
dc.creatorGomes, João Carlos
dc.date2025
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-18T19:44:25Z
dc.date.available2025-11-18T19:44:25Z
dc.description<p>Objective: To evaluate the effect of etching times with commercial phosphoric acids on the demineralization pattern, dentin roughness, chemical mapping, nanoleakage (NL), and resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) when used with an etch-and-rinse adhesive, assessed immediately and after 4 years of water storage. Methods: Four commercial phosphoric acids were tested: Ultra-etch [ULE, 35 %], Scotchbond Universal Etchant [SUE, 32 %]; Dentsply Dental Conditioner [DDC, 37 %] and Total Etch [TTE, 37 %]. Occlusal dentin from 188 molars was etched for 3 and 15 seconds. Demineralization patterns were observed via SEM, roughness was measured using optical profilometry, and chemical mapping was obtained through micro-Raman spectroscopy. Resin-dentin bonded beams were prepared for NL and µTBS testing at baseline and after 4 years of water storage. Data were statistically evaluated with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: After 15-second etching, ULE exhibited significantly less demineralization compared to DDC and TTE, while SUE had an intermediate effect (p = 0.001). No differences were observed among groups after 3-second etching (p &gt; 0.05). ULE and SUE showed lower tubular density than DDC and TTE (p = 0.001). Roughness and chemical mapping indicated lower demineralization at 3 seconds for all groups (p &lt; 0.002), except ULE, which showed similar at both 3 and 15 seconds (p &gt; 0.05). NL and μTBS values were higher for ULE and SUE, regardless of etching times and aging period (p &lt; 0.05). ULE demonstrated the best control over demineralization, followed by SUE, both enhancing resin-dentin bonding performance. Significance: A 3-second phosphoric acid etching time produces sufficient dentin substrate modification for adhesive infiltration, maintaining bond strength and reducing nanoleakage—even after 4 years. The formulation of the acid significantly influences the demineralization pattern and adhesive performance.</p>eng
dc.identifierhttps://investigadores.uandes.cl/en/publications/e589bf52-3362-4360-bdb1-06a3d149b7e1
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uandes.cl/handle/uandes/53400
dc.languageeng
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.sourcevol.41 (2025) nr.7 p.850-861
dc.subjectDental acid etching
dc.subjectDentin
dc.subjectLongevity
dc.subjectTooth demineralization
dc.titleOptimizing phosphoric acid etching times across different formulations: Impact on dentin structure, roughness, and adhesive performance after 4 yearseng
dc.typeArticleeng
dc.typeArtículospa
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