Powering prescription: Mitochondria as “Living Drugs” – Definition, clinical applications, and industry advancements

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dc.coverageDOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107018
dc.creatorCaicedo, Andrés
dc.creatorMorales, Emilia
dc.creatorMoyano, Aldana
dc.creatorPeñaherrera, Sebastian
dc.creatorPeña-Cisneros, José
dc.creatorBenavides-Almeida, Abigail
dc.creatorPérez-Meza, Álvaro A.
dc.creatorHaro-Vinueza, Alissen
dc.creatorRuiz, Cristina
dc.creatorRobayo, Paola
dc.creatorTenesaca, Doménica
dc.creatorBarba, Diego
dc.creatorZambrano, Kevin
dc.creatorCastañeda, Verónica
dc.creatorSingh, Keshav K.
dc.date2024
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-18T19:42:52Z
dc.date.available2025-11-18T19:42:52Z
dc.description<p>Mitochondria's role as engines and beacons of metabolism and determinants of cellular health is being redefined through their therapeutic application as “Living Drugs” (LDs). Artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T), encompassing various techniques to modify, enrich, or restore mitochondria in cells and tissues, is revolutionizing acellular therapies and the future of medicine. This article proposes a necessary definition for LDs within the Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMPs) framework. While recognizing different types of LDs as ATMPs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, we focus on mitochondria due to their unique attributes that distinguish them from traditional cell therapies. These attributes include their inherent living nature, diverse sources, industry applicability, validation, customizability for therapeutic needs, and their capability to adapt and respond within recipient cells. We trace the journey from initial breakthroughs in AMT/T to the current state-of-the-art applications by emerging innovative companies, highlighting the need for manufacturing standards to navigate the transition of mitochondrial therapies from concept to clinical practice. By providing a comprehensive overview of the scientific, clinical, and commercial landscape of mitochondria as LDs, this article contributes to the essential dialogue among regulatory agencies, academia, and industry to shape their future in medicine.</p>eng
dc.identifierhttps://investigadores.uandes.cl/en/publications/48f6d33d-b0c1-42f4-bc79-e141d0841961
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uandes.cl/handle/uandes/52570
dc.languageeng
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.sourcevol.199 (2024)
dc.subjectAcellular therapy
dc.subjectAdvanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs)
dc.subjectArtificial mitochondrial transfer transplant (AMT/T)
dc.subjectCell therapy
dc.subjectIndustry
dc.subjectInnovation
dc.subjectLiving drugs (LDs)
dc.subjectMitochondria
dc.titlePowering prescription: Mitochondria as “Living Drugs” – Definition, clinical applications, and industry advancementseng
dc.typeReview articleeng
dc.typeArtículo de revisiónspa
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