Multifunctional Electroactive 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Polypyrrole-Based Coatings for Biomedical Applications

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dc.coverageDOI: 10.1002/marc.202500246
dc.creatorOlate-Moya, Felipe
dc.creatorFernández-Gil, Francisco
dc.creatorSolano, Luis
dc.creatorCórdova, Luis
dc.creatorPalza, Humberto
dc.date2025
dc.date.accessioned05-01-2026 18:10
dc.date.available05-01-2026 18:10
dc.description<p>Several intrinsic electroconductive polymers have been studied for tissue engineering and biomedical applications, as they can mimic the cell microenvironment of some electroactive tissues and have body-sensing capacity. However, these polymers often lack good processability and biocompatibility, complicating the development of appropriate biomaterials or devices such as cell scaffolds and biosensors. To overcome these issues, a two-step method was introduced to coat 3D-printed poly (?-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with intrinsic electroconductive polypyrrole (PPy) and gelatin (GEL). Compared to pure 3D-printed PCL, the coated hybrid scaffolds exhibited 12 orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity, ionic conduction capacity, rougher topography, and even a 5% higher compressive strength while maintaining the main properties of PCL. The proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was 13% higher in the PPy-coated scaffolds after 14 days, further exhibiting rounded cell morphologies, unlike the flattened shapes seen on the PCL controls. The high conductivity of the scaffolds produced by our two-step methodology further allows their use as electrodes for electromyogram measurement and piezoresistive sensors. Noteworthy, the coated biomaterials can be used as a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), achieving an output power density of 4–6 mW m?<sup>2</sup> under the mechanical contact-separation stimulus. These findings highlight the potential application of our approach for developing multifunctional electroactive PPy-coated PCL biomaterials for tissue engineering, biosensing, piezoresistive sensors, and TENG.</p>eng
dc.identifierhttps://investigadores.uandes.cl/en/publications/ece816c6-0894-47a2-b8ce-36997425dd73
dc.languageeng
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.sourcevol.46 (2025) date: 2025-12-05 nr.23
dc.subject3D printing
dc.subjectelectroactive biomaterials
dc.subjectpolypyrrole
dc.subjecttissue engineering
dc.subjecttriboelectric nanogenerator
dc.titleMultifunctional Electroactive 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Polypyrrole-Based Coatings for Biomedical Applicationseng
dc.typeArticleeng
dc.typeArtículospa
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